Kin-elleth (language): Difference between revisions
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===Verbs== | |||
Kin-elleth verbs follow a regular conjugation, with mutation on the main vowel in the third-person singular, second-person dual/plural, and third-person plural forms. | ==== Case inflection ==== | ||
Cases in Kin-elleth are not indicated by suffixes, but by position in the sentence or the use of prepositions. Most nouns show [[Kin-elleth_(language)#Vowel_Mutation|mutation]] in the primary vowel in all cases except the nominative. Nouns in the intangible, collective, and area genders do not show vowel mutation in cases other the genitive. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Kin-elleth verbs follow a ''mostly'' regular conjugation, with mutation on the main vowel in the third-person singular, second-person dual/plural, and third-person plural forms. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!colspan="2"|'''dran''' – ''to be'' | !colspan="2"|'''dran''' – ''to be''!! !!colspan="2"|'''sother''' – ''to live''!! !!colspan="2"|'''dhaca''' – ''to speak'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''I am''||pa dran | |''I am''||pa dran|| ||''I live''||pa sother|| ||''I speak''||pa dhaca | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''you are''||rî drane | |''you are''||rî drane|| ||''you live''||rî sothre|| ||''you speak''||rî dhacai | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''he/she is''||tha/dhe drein | |''he/she is''||tha/dhe drein|| ||''he/she lives''||tha/dhe sôther|| ||''he/she speaks''||tha/dhe dheica | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''we are''||mun drana | |''we are''||mun drana|| ||''we live''||mun sothra|| ||''we speak''||mun dhaca | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''you two are''||riu dreine | |''you two are''||riu dreine|| ||''you two live''||riu sôthre|| ||''you two speak''||riu dheice | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''you (pl.) are''||rinna dreine | |''you (pl.) are''||rinna dreine|| ||''you (pl.) live''||rinna sôthre|| ||''you (pl.) speak''||rinna dheice | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''they are''||thanâi drein | |''they are''||thanâi drein|| ||''they live''||thanâi sôther|| ||''they speak''||thanâi dheica | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 180: | Line 185: | ||
|rin||bond | |rin||bond | ||
|- | |- | ||
|thister||a type of flowering plant | |thister||hope; a type of flowering plant | ||
|- | |- | ||
|landra||star | |landra||star | ||
Latest revision as of 10:01, 28 April 2026
The language of the Kin-elleth people, as well as the main lingua franca of the Endri-nâi Confederation.
Phonology
Letters represent standard orthography when written in Latin characters. Where letters appear in pairs, the one on the right is voiced.
Consonants
The Kin-elleth language uses between 19–21 consonants, with some having regional variants. Note that <f> and <v> are bilabial, not labiodental as in English.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | ||||||
| Nasal | ||||||
| Trill | ||||||
| Tap | ||||||
| Fricative | ||||||
| Lateral Approximant | ||||||
Vowels
The Kin-elleth languages uses from 12–14 vowel sounds. The chart below shows the common orthography when transcribed to the Latin alphabet. Vowels to the left of a | are unrounded; vowels to the right of a | are rounded. Note that a vowel letter may have different sounds, depending on context in a word or by regional variation.
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Open |
- ↑ Less common variant.
Diphthongs
Common diphthongs are ai, ei, oi, ui, âi, êi [1], ôi, ûi.
- ↑ Very uncommon; most commonly reduced to ei.
Vowel Mutation
The main vowel in a Kin-elleth word will typically undergo vowel mutation when the word is inflected for case, as well as in some verbal conjugations. The mutations are mostly regular, and follow the patterns below:
| Original | Mutated |
| a | ei |
| e/û | ê |
| ê | î |
| i | û |
| î | ie/e |
| u | ôi/î |
| ô | ûi |
| o | ô |
| â | oi |
Grammar
Pronouns
| Nominative | Inflected | |
| I | pa | pei |
| you | rî | re |
| he/she/it | tha/dhe/nim | thei/dhê/nûm |
| we | mun | mîn |
| you two | riu | rûi |
| you (plural) | rinna | rûnna |
| they (person/thing) | thanâi/thanim | theinâi/theinim |
Nouns
Kin-elleth nouns follow six genders, and inflect either for singular, dual, or plural.
| Gender | Singular | Dual | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| living being | -ith | -ein | -nâi |
| small object | -un, -no | -in | -nî |
| large object | -ra, -a | -rei | -rim, -im |
| intangible | -er | -rei | -rim, -em |
| collective | -n, -in | -nâi | -nâi |
| area | -a | -ûr | -ui |
Case inflection
Cases in Kin-elleth are not indicated by suffixes, but by position in the sentence or the use of prepositions. Most nouns show mutation in the primary vowel in all cases except the nominative. Nouns in the intangible, collective, and area genders do not show vowel mutation in cases other the genitive.
Verbs
Kin-elleth verbs follow a mostly regular conjugation, with mutation on the main vowel in the third-person singular, second-person dual/plural, and third-person plural forms.
| dran – to be | sother – to live | dhaca – to speak | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I am | pa dran | I live | pa sother | I speak | pa dhaca | ||
| you are | rî drane | you live | rî sothre | you speak | rî dhacai | ||
| he/she is | tha/dhe drein | he/she lives | tha/dhe sôther | he/she speaks | tha/dhe dheica | ||
| we are | mun drana | we live | mun sothra | we speak | mun dhaca | ||
| you two are | riu dreine | you two live | riu sôthre | you two speak | riu dheice | ||
| you (pl.) are | rinna dreine | you (pl.) live | rinna sôthre | you (pl.) speak | rinna dheice | ||
| they are | thanâi drein | they live | thanâi sôther | they speak | thanâi dheica | ||
Syntax
Sentences in Kin-elleth usually follow an Object-Subject-Verb word order.
Known Words
| Kin-elleth | English |
|---|---|
| dhankumôirin | confederation |
| fin | family |
| endra | rock, mountain, stone |
| sother | live (verb) |
| dran | be (verb) |
| dhaca | speak (verb) |
| dhan | with/together |
| kumo | fly (verb) |
| rin | bond |
| thister | hope; a type of flowering plant |
| landra | star |
| haila/aila | heaven/space |
| al | under |
| dâler | write (verb) |
| ath/hath | among |
| maren | seek/look for (verb) |